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11/03/19

Citizen science helps farmers adapt to climate change

evaluacion participativa, abridora by biodiversity.jpg
Copyright: Bioversity International.

Speed read

  • Tricot, a new method, was tested in Nicaragua, Ethiopia and India
  • Almost 12,000 farmers used their plots as small, experimental laboratories
  • Scientists combined farmers’ results with regional weather and soil data

By: Cecilia Rosen

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The selection of seed varieties adapted to a particular climate could be refined if farmers themselves assess their performance, using their plots as small, experimental laboratories.

This was the finding of a study on citizen science in agriculture using the new 'tricot' method – triadic comparisons of technologies – devised by global research organisation Biodiversity International.

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Common bean seeds were used in the experiment in Nicaragua.
Copyright: Bioversity International.

The approach aims to test crop varieties and other technologies on the farm, under realistic conditions, using simple, hands-on experiments.

It was tested in different climates with common bean crops in Nicaragua, durum wheat crops in Ethiopia and wheat crops used for bread-making in India.

According to the paper, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, farmers’ participation improves the selection of seeds suited to a particular climate, reducing the risk of crop failure.

Climate change is expected to reduce agricultural production by 2 per cent every decade until 2050, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and its effects on the timings of seasons and rainfall is a growing concern for farmers.

evaluacion participativa by biodiversity
In Nicaragua 842 farmers participated, performing tests through different seasons.
Copyright: Bioversity International.

To assess the performance of each variety, all of the almost 12,000 participants received a package containing three random varieties of a broader sample of seeds.

“Each farmer compares only three things, to keep things simple. But each farmer compares a different combination, so that you can get results about a whole set of crops,” explains Jacob van Etten, leading author of the study.

The research performed tests through different planting seasons, collecting data from 842 growers in Nicaragua, more than 1,000 in Ethiopia and another 10,000 in India.

Scientists linked this information with weather and soil data from each region, and were able to obtain recommendations on the use of each variety, according to different agroclimatic zones.

“This study… shows the enormous potential of citizen science in agriculture. ”

Jacob van Etten, Bioversity International.

According to Alma Piñeyro, who works for the department of agricultural and animal production at the Metropolitan Autonomous University, in Mexico, the method allows scientists to identify which seed varieties work in certain places and which could be useful in the future, during multiple planting cycles.

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It could be useful for planting schemes where new seeds are acquired in each cycle, such as for some types of beans, peppers, and green and red tomatoes, says Piñeyro.

“But it wouldn’t work in the case of farmers who have their own native varieties, that they sow year after year, who select them to improve adaptation,” she warns. This is the case in the farming of many corn crops in countries such as Mexico, Ecuador and Peru.

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The tricot methodology is easy to use for farmers, even with low literacy or illiteracy.
Copyright: Bioversity International.

Piñeyro says the tricot method should be evaluated to see if it could be used not only for increasing crop production, but to maintain and diversify local seed varieties, while scaling data geographically to make it generalisable.

Farmers should not only be data collectors and observers, but “part of the decision-making process”, with their needs accounted for, she adds.

 
The tricot method was first used in India in 2012, and is currently being adopted in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Costa Rica with different crops, including beans and wheat.
 

See how the tricot method works.
Courtesy of Biodiversity International.
According to van Etten, the approach, which he says could benefit at least 100,000 farmers from different countries in the near future, could partially replace or complement existing methods, such as improving seeds in the laboratory.
 
Although van Etten and his colleagues have not yet been able to calculate the total cost of a study like this, he says that using the tricot approach is cheaper for farmers than traditional methods.

This piece was produced by SciDev.Net’s Latin America and Caribbean edition

References

> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.