Reports of new HIV strain in the Philippines rejected

[MANILA] The United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organization (WHO) have released statements categorically rejecting the reports that came out recently in the media suggesting that a new, infectious and untreatable strain of HIV has been discovered in the Philippines.

“There is no new strain of HIV which has been found in the Philippines. The variants of the virus found in the Philippines have not changed and are similar to the strains of the virus found in many parts of Asia and in other parts of the world,” said a UNAIDS statement. “In addition, there is no conclusive evidence that the strains of the virus found in the country are more infectious than other virus variants, nor is there evidence that they are resistant to the current treatment regimens available."

“There is no new strain of HIV which has been found in the Philippines. The variants of the virus found in the Philippines have not changed and are similar to the strains of the virus found in many parts of Asia and in other parts of the world”

UNAIDS

“As with all strains of HIV, prevention measures such as consistent condom use, pre-exposure prophylaxis and universal treatment which achieves viral suppression are effective in reducing transmission,” the statement also said.

The UNAIDS statement was followed by a joint UNAIDS-WHO release on 23 March which said: “All HIV-1 subtypes can be expected to respond to currently recommended ART regimens.”

The statements were released in response to stories by two international media outlets that were later picked up by numerous local media outlets. On 9 March, a Deutsche Welle (DW), Germany, headline read: "New virus strain behind HIV explosion in the Philippines" and had sub-heading that referred to AE as "drug-resistant."  And on 10 March, the London-based The Independent, ran a headline that said: "Drug-resistant HIV strain discovered in Philippines could trigger new epidemic, scientists warn."  Both amended their stories subsequently. 
 
Edsel Salvana, director of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at the University of the Philippines, explains the AE strain of HIV that is prevalent in the Philippines “may develop drug resistance to current antiretroviral (ARV) regimens faster or differently than subtype B, which used to be the predominant HIV strain in the Philippines”.
 
"The currently recommended WHO first line regimen may not be appropriate for all subtypes," Salvana says. He points to a WHO HIV drug resistance report released in July 2017, which discussed the increasing drug resistance of the virus across the world.

However, Meg Doherty, coordinator of treatment and care with WHO's HIV and Global Hepatitis Programme, tells SciDev.Net that the WHO believes there is ample evidence that all HIV-1 subtypes that are treated with standard WHO first-line ARV drugs will respond equally well by evidence of suppressed viral load and improved clinical outcomes across countries and populations.  
 
"If a person takes ARV drugs daily, as indicated, the virus should be suppressed and emergence of HIV drug resistance mutations should not occur," says Doherty. "Once a person fails a first-line treatment with evidence of an elevated viral load, ARV drug mutations that may have developed may vary by the drugs initiated and possibly by the HIV-1 subtype." 
  
This piece was produced by SciDev.Net’s Asia & Pacific desk.