The Jefferson Science Fellowships, run by the US Department of State, offers tenured academic scientists and engineers within the United States the opportunity of spending one year at the US Department of State or the United States Agency for International Development to help in science diplomacy. Jefferson Science Fellows often use this opportunity to broaden their influence and involvement in foreign relations and development efforts.

The principal aim of TWAS is to promote scientific capacity and sustainable development in the South through research as well as South–South and North–South collaborations. It was founded in 1983 by a group of Southern scientists, under the leadership of Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam, as an autonomous international organisation. Fellows are citizens of the South; associate fellows are citizens of the North who were born in the South or have made significant contributions to science in the South.

The agency, established as an independent body of the US government, regulates the commercial use of radioactive materials in the country’s power plants, hospitals, universities and transport sector. The agency aims to ensure safety, secure management and achieve an open regulatory process. It also supports other countries' efforts to develop regulatory policies for nuclear programmes. The website offers information on a wide range of issues relating to nuclear power including factsheets, reports, guidance documents, newsletters and notices of relevant meetings.