Putting science
at the heart of development
Definitions
Definitions have been adapted from three main sources: Cordis (ECC), the Frascati Manual (FM) and the Oslo Manual (OM), with thanks to the providers.
S
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME)
An independent company with fewer than 250 employees (ECC).
Spin-off/spin-out
A company established to commercialise the knowledge and skills of a university or corporate research team (ECC).
Start-up
A newly formed company usually based around a novel product or process (ECC).
Supra-national
Involving more than one country; having power or authority, which is greater than that of single countries.
Systemic model of innovation
A model of innovation process based on an awareness that successful innovation depends on interactions between many individuals, organisations and environmental factors. Within this model, R&D is no longer viewed as the 'source' of innovation but as one of a number of essential elements (ECC).
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