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Science & Innovation Policy: R&D in Africa

Definitions

Definitions have been adapted from three main sources: Cordis (ECC), the Frascati Manual (FM) and the Oslo Manual (OM), with thanks to the providers.

E

Experimental development

Systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from both research and practical experience, that is directed at producing new materials, products and devices; at installing new processes, systems and services; or at improving substantially those that have already been produced or installed (see also research and development) (FM).