Putting science
at the heart of development
Definitions
Definitions have been adapted from three main sources: Cordis (ECC), the Frascati Manual (FM) and the Oslo Manual (OM), with thanks to the providers.
D
Design
An essential part of the innovation process that covers plans and drawings; technical specifications; and operational features necessary for the conception, development, manufacturing and marketing of new products and processes. Design may be a part of the initial conception of the product or process, i.e. research and experimental development, but it is also part of tooling-up, industrial engineering, manufacturing start-up, and marketing of new products (see also research and development and non-R&D innovation activities) (FM).
Diffusion
The way that new or improved products and processes spread — through market or non-market channels — from their first implementation to different countries and regions, as well as to different industries, markets and firms (OM).
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