Developing countries are increasingly recognising the importance of science in developing their economies, and the challenges that entails.
International bodies
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This website summarises activities undertaken by the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to address gender inequalities in science. It provides useful links to gender-related data, key publications, as well as UNESCO and UN initiatives that aim to promote gender equality. The website also makes available reports on topic areas such as science and technology policy and disaster risk reduction, and provides information about an awards programme that recognises the achievements of women researchers.
This is the official website of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), also known as Rio+20, taking place in Brazil on 20–22 June 2012.
The conference will bring together world leaders, governments, the private sector, and nongovernmental organisations to formulate a plan to reduce poverty, create social equity and protect the environment. It is organised around two themes: the green economy, and an institutional framework for sustainable development.
The website publishes information about the conference including background information, overviews and briefing papers on key themes, and other relevant publications. It lists all events and meetings relevant to the conference, and provides information about news and links to external sources as well as ways to connect with involved parties.
UNCTAD works on issues related to trade and development. Central to this is the role of technology and innovation, which is an important part of UNCTAD’s activities. UNCTAD functions as a forum for intergovernmental deliberations, undertakes policy research, policy analysis and data collection and provides technical assistance to developing countries.
ESCAP works with governments in the region on policy research, information dissemination, and advisory and capacity building services. Its focus is economic and social issues, including technological development issues.
ESCWA is the United Nations' main economic and social development forum for the region. The commission formulates and promotes development assistance activities, and also runs the Research and Development Portal (ERDP) to make information available to, and promote research and development cooperation and activities in, its member states.
ECA assists African governments in developing policies for economic and social development, including enhancing the role of science and technology in African economies. It carries out policy research, disseminates information, promotes co-operation and provides policy advice to different stakeholders in countries of the region. The ECA also runs the ECA Science and Technology Network (ESTNET), a collaborative policy research network promoting the dissemination and exchange of information concerning science and technology management and policy issues in Africa.
ECLAC carries out studies and policy research, disseminates information, and provides advisory and capacity-building services related to the economic and social development of the region. The role of technology, knowledge and innovation in economic and social development is a key theme is ECLAC's work — particularly in that of its Division of Production, Productivity and Management.
UNESCO carries out a range of activities in science and technology policy and education. The Division of Science Analysis and Policies is a key provider here, conducting research on and analysis of global and sectoral science policies, providing policy advice and guidance on restructuring national scientific systems, and assisting in the elaboration of strategies and programmes for science and technology development.
UNIDO supports sustainable industrial development — including technological development — in developing countries and economies in transition. In developing countries, UNIDO's key activities in promoting technology are providing assistance in capacity-building in emerging technologies, undertaking technology foresight — an instrument for strategic decision-making and policies formulation — for setting research priorities and identify challenges and opportunities for technological development, and creating and strengthening technological institutions, as well as supporting links between them.
The Population Information Network strives to make international, regional and national population information — particularly that available from UN sources — easily available to the international community.
The aim of the Water Governance Programme for Arab States (WGP-AS) is to improve the use and management of scarce water resources in Arab countries by promoting an integrated approach and supporting the achievements of the Millennium Development Goal 7.
It also addresses cross-cutting areas such as adaptation to climate change, trans-boundary water management and gender mainstreaming. The website publishes free-to-access reports, events, as well as information on past and current projects.
The World Bank is one of the United Nations' specialist agencies providing loans, policy advice, technical assistance and knowledge-sharing services to low-and middle-income countries to reduce poverty. The bank undertakes and funds policy research and analysis on issues related to science, technology and innovation and its relationship to social and economic development.
The World Bank Institute is the capacity-building arm of the World Bank, and its mission is to support countries in applying knowledge to meet development challenges. Among the Institute initiatives is the Knowledge for Development (K4D) programme which undertakes policy research and analysis, and provides learning programmes and policy services to developing countries on issues related to application, development and diffusion of knowledge and its relationship to development.
The foundation's aim is to raise awareness of diabetes worldwide, with a special emphasis on developing countries. A key activity is funding projects (142 so far) that raise awareness, improve education and build capacity at local, regional and global levels. The website contains details of all ongoing projects, including details of the project budgets and individuals responsible for running them, the expected impacts and results so far. Importantly, the foundation prioritises monitoring and evaluation of its projects to learn key lessons for the future and minimise the risk of project failure.
As with any disease, and particularly those in developing countries, the health economics are important. The website has a useful tool for calculating the economic cost of diabetes in a particular country that allows the user to change variables such as population, prevalence and so on.
The World Medical Association was founded in 1947 to ensure the independence of physicians, and set standards for their ethical behaviour. The website provides information about the WMA's activities, including the text of its documents and updates about revisions to the
Declaration of Helsinki.
This organisation promotes the peaceful use of nuclear power and supports the global nuclear energy industry through expert working groups, representation in policy forums, and information sharing. The website publishes news, public information on nuclear energy — including country-specific analysis and background information on nuclear fuel cycles — a communication network for members, an index of nuclear stocks, and relevant publications. It also provides access to a database of nuclear reactors and information on conferences.
The WTO, which has 144 member countries, is the body that monitors world trade agreements. Its website contains a
section on the TRIPS agreement, including an introduction, frequently-asked questions, and the full text. It also contains information on TRIPS work within the WTO, and disputes between member states.
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