Putting science
at the heart of development
Definitions
Definitions have been adapted from three main sources: Cordis (ECC), the Frascati Manual (FM) and the Oslo Manual (OM), with thanks to the providers.
Developing countries are increasingly recognising the importance of science in developing their economies, and the challenges that entails.
S
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME)
An independent company with fewer than 250 employees (ECC).
Spin-off/spin-out
A company established to commercialise the knowledge and skills of a university or corporate research team (ECC).
Start-up
A newly formed company usually based around a novel product or process (ECC).
Supra-national
Involving more than one country; having power or authority, which is greater than that of single countries.
Systemic model of innovation
A model of innovation process based on an awareness that successful innovation depends on interactions between many individuals, organisations and environmental factors. Within this model, R&D is no longer viewed as the 'source' of innovation but as one of a number of essential elements (ECC).
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