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Definitions

Definitions have been adapted from three main sources: Cordis (ECC), the Frascati Manual (FM) and the Oslo Manual (OM), with thanks to the providers.

Developing countries are increasingly recognising the importance of science in developing their economies, and the challenges that entails.

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L

Linear models of innovation

Over-simplified views of innovation as involving merely the transfers of specific technologies from the research base to industry, or as a process driven by demands from society. Now superseded by the 'systemic model' of innovation (ECC).

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Flickr/Nazir Amin

Science for oceans

Our Spotlight examines how countries can make better use of scientific tools for sustainable management of marine resources
Flickr/d0ug&r0byn

Ocean knowledge

The facts and figures on 20 years of ocean monitoring progress — but also continuing challenges
Buoys gather real-time data that feed into ocean hazard warnings and rescue missions : NOAA

Buoy vandals

Countries must step up measures against damage of data buoys that puts early warning systems at risk
Men working on a water pipeline in Honduras - Flickr/Water Sanitation and Hygiene Photos

Measuring progress

New, science-based indicators of sustainable development are needed at Rio+20, a conference hears
Participatory mapping in Uganda - Flickr/ILRI

Mapping locally

With a little help, communities can use technology to build local knowledge of climate change risks
Green planet - Courtesy of Gas2.org

Seeking sustainability

If Rio+20 proposes an intergovernmental science panel, what form should it take?
Africa analysis logo

Neighbourly research

African scientists need to rely less on their ties with researchers in developed countries, says Linda Nordling
Engineers - Flickr/Engineering at Cambridge

Forgotten engineers

The role of engineering in shaping sustainable development is being forgotten, say engineers

Science diplomacy

Browse our latest collection of news and commentary on science diplomacy

A helping hand for higher education

How can donors support universities in the developing world? SciDev.Net examines the issues at hand