Science and Development Network
News, views and information about science, technology and the developing world
.jpg){kind=small}
.jpg){kind=spacer}
.jpg){kind=small}
Definitions
Definitions have been adapted from three main sources: Cordis (ECC), the Frascati Manual (FM) and the Oslo Manual (OM), with thanks to the providers.
Developing countries are increasingly recognising the importance of science in developing their economies, and the challenges that entails.
D
Design
An essential part of the innovation process that covers plans and drawings; technical specifications; and operational features necessary for the conception, development, manufacturing and marketing of new products and processes. Design may be a part of the initial conception of the product or process, i.e. research and experimental development, but it is also part of tooling-up, industrial engineering, manufacturing start-up, and marketing of new products (see also research and development and non-R&D innovation activities) (FM).
Diffusion
The way that new or improved products and processes spread — through market or non-market channels — from their first implementation to different countries and regions, as well as to different industries, markets and firms (OM).
