This collection of short papers from the 'health and human rights' section of The Lancet focuses on the provision of long-term care for participants who become infected with HIV-1 during HIV-1 vaccine trials in resource-poor countries.

• S Berkley argues for provision of antiretroviral treatment to entire communities rather than to individual trial participants.
• D Fitzgerald and colleagues discuss how the HIV Vaccine Trials Network plans to fund treatment at its trial sites.
• J Mukherjee describes how the first step to providing HIV-1 treatment in Haiti was to revitalise the public-health infrastructure.
• T Tucker and C Slack outline plans for a public-private partnership to care for infected trial volunteers in South Africa.

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