Current models of innovation ignore small-scale technology — institutions must ensure it's a key part of the agenda, says Tony Marjoram.

New models of intellectual property rights are needed to protect — and promote — local knowledge and innovations, says Anil Gupta.

Trade deals are threatening generic drugs — we need new ways to incentivise affordable drug development, says health expert Daniele Dionisio.

There is a pressing need for Africa to bolster its pharmaceuticals industry, and that requires the right policy framework, argues Priya Shetty.

African governments with technology policies that focus only on ICT should rethink their priorities, says Ndubuisi Ekekwe.

Impact studies warn that TRIPS-Plus provisions can lead to higher prices and reduced access to medicines, say Nusaraporn Kessomboon and colleagues.

Prizes for innovation must be used carefully to ensure that poor people in developing countries are the real winners, says Matthew Harsh.

African innovation won't flourish unless more attention is paid to creating and sustaining markets for it, argues Linda Nordling.

Both fake and substandard medicines threaten public health, and efforts to tackle them must put the focus on quality, says Leena Menghaney.

Developing countries should turn down the UN biodiversity convention proposals to nationalise genetic resources, argue Indian scientists.

To make an impact, science and technology must embrace Africa's informal system of making and trading, argues Steve Daniels.

Climate scientists and organisations should lead the way to open-source collaborations, say Brendan Barrett and Sulayman K. Sowe.

To boost commercialisation of research developing nations must carve out policies that suit their own needs, argues Bhaven N. Sampat.

Many Sub-Saharan African technologies are languishing in labs because of a failure to commercialise them, say Ken Simiyu, Abdallah S.Daar and Peter A. Singer.

Alternative approaches are required if nanotechnology is to boost global health and equity, argues social scientist Donald Maclurcan.

Nanomedicine requires careful development, not a great rush to jump on the bandwagon, argues nanotech expert Manoj Varma.

Nanotechnology is being hailed as the key to solving Africa's challenges. But proper attention must be paid to its effects, says Kathy Jo Wetter.

Traditional medical cultures need a true partnership with modern medicine, say Bhushan Patwardhan, Gerard Bodeker and Darshan Shankar.

It's time to consign to history the idea that traditional medical systems have nothing to offer modern medical science, says Antony Taubman of the World Trade Organization.

A free trade agreement with the EU threatens India's generic drug industry and the developing world's access to lifesaving drugs, says Priya Shetty.