Science and Development Network
News, views and information about science, technology and the developing world
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Definitions
Below is a directory of terms used in the field of genetically modified crops. Most of the terms have been reproduced from the University of California Biotech [UCB] or John Innes Centre [JIC].
Producing enough food for a rapidly growing population, and taking care of our planet are two of the world's biggest challenges.
G
Gene
The segment of DNA on a chromosome that contains the information necessary to make a protein. Genes are the unit by which biological traits are inherited. [JIC]
Gene flow
The incorporation of genes from one organism into the array of genes in another population of organisms. [UCB]
Gene mapping
Determination of the relative locations of genetic information (genes) on chromosomes. [UCB]
Gene modification
The manipulation of a living organism's genetic make-up by eliminating, modifying or adding copies of specific genes (often from other oganisms) through modern molecular biology techniques. Also called 'gene splicing', 'recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology' or 'genetic engineering'. [JIC]
Genetically modified organism (GMO)
Term used to refer to an organism modified by the methods of genetic modification. [UCB]
Genetics
Study of the pattern of inheritance of genetic information in organisms. [UCB]
Genome
Entire genetic material in an organism, comprising all chromosomes. [UCB]
Genomics
Molecular characterisation of all the genes and gene products of a species. [UCB]
